A reconstructed Neanderthal skeleton, right, and a modern human version of a skelaton, left, are on display at the Museum of Natural History Wednesday, Jan. 8, 2003 in New York. The Neanderthal skeleton, reconstructed from casts of more than 200 Neanderthal fossil bones, is part of the museum's exhibit called "The First Europeans: Treasures from the Hills of Atapuerca." A new study says evidence indicates that Neanderthals were still alive at least 2,000 years later than scientists had firmly established before. Scientists have long been fascinated by the last days of the Neanderthals. Were they doomed because they couldn't compete with the encroaching modern humans for resources, or because they caught new germs from the moderns, or because of climate change? Did the two groups have much contact, and what kind? (AP Photo/Frank Franklin II)